Edema is a pathological accumulation of fluid in the tissues of the body or in the intercellular space, which leads to their swelling and an increase in volume. Edema can be localized (for example, in the extremities, face, or lungs) or generalized, where most of the body is affected. This phenomenon is a symptom of various diseases or disorders in the body.
The main causes of edema are increased capillary permeability, impaired lymphatic drainage, sodium and water retention, decreased protein levels in the blood or impaired cardiovascular, renal or hepatic functions. Swelling can also be caused by allergic reactions, injuries, infections, or certain medications.
Treatment of edema depends on the cause of the swelling and may include reducing salt intake, diuretics (diuretics), physical therapy, compression bandages, and treating the underlying condition that caused the swelling. In cases of rapid progression or severe swelling, it is necessary to consult a doctor immediately.