Serotonin synthesis is the process of formation and synthesis of the serotonin molecule in the body. Serotonin is a neurotransmitter, or chemical, that acts as signaling between nerve cells in the central nervous system.
The synthesis of serotonin begins with the amino acid tryptophan, which comes from food. Tryptophan is converted in the body to 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) by the enzyme tryptophan hydroxylase. 5-HTP is then converted to serotonin by the aromatic amino acid decarboxylase enzyme.
The synthesis of serotonin is controlled by various factors, including the presence of sufficient amounts of tryptophan in food and the activity of the enzymes responsible for its conversion to serotonin. Also important is the presence of a sufficient number of cofactors, including vitamins B6 and B12, folic acid and iron, which are necessary for the normal functioning of enzymes.
Serotonin performs a number of important functions in the body. It plays a role in regulating mood, sleep, appetite, and feelings of fullness. Serotonin is also involved in the regulation of pain perception, thermoregulation and muscle contraction. In addition, serotonin plays a role in regulating hormone secretion and immune system function.