Venous valves are small structures inside veins that play a key role in blood circulation. They are located inside the venous vessels and are designed to prevent the backflow of blood in the veins, especially in the lower extremities. These valves open to allow blood to flow toward the heart and close to prevent it from moving back under the influence of gravity. The normal functioning of the venous valves ensures the effective return of venous blood from the periphery to the center, which is important for maintaining blood pressure and the health of the circulatory system as a whole.

Dysfunction of the venous valves can lead to venous insufficiency, which is especially common in the lower extremities. This condition can cause symptoms such as swelling, leg pain, fatigue, and can also contribute to the development of varicose veins. Factors that increase the risk of venous valve dysfunction include aging, genetic predisposition, pregnancy, prolonged standing or sitting, and obesity. Various medical methods and drugs are used to diagnose and treat diseases related to venous valve dysfunction, and lifestyle changes and physical activity may also be recommended.