An antidepressant is a medication that is used to treat depression and other mental disorders related to emotional distress, anxiety, or panic attacks. These drugs act on the neurotransmitter systems of the brain, in particular serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine, helping to improve mood, reduce anxiety and normalize sleep.
The main groups of antidepressants include:
- Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), e.g., fluoxetine, sertraline. They are the most common due to their mild action and fewer side effects.
- Serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNIs) such as venlafaxine, duloxetine, affecting two neurotransmitters.
- Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), such as amitriptyline, which are effective but have more side effects.
- Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), which are used less frequently due to their difficulty in administering.
Antidepressants are not addictive, but their use takes time to achieve an effect (usually 2-4 weeks) and mandatory gradual discontinuation under the supervision of a doctor to avoid withdrawal syndrome. Treatment with antidepressants should be prescribed by a psychiatrist or other qualified specialist based on the individual condition of the patient.