Free radicals are unstable molecules that are formed in the body as a result of natural biochemical processes or under the influence of external factors such as ultraviolet radiation, pollution, smoking and poor diet. Free radicals have an unpaired electron, which makes them highly reactive and unstable.
These reactive molecules seek to compensate for their lack of electron by attacking and “stealing” electrons from other molecules in the body, such as proteins, lipids, and DNA. This can lead to a chain reaction of cell and tissue destruction called oxidative stress.
Oxidative stress caused by free radicals plays a role in the development of many diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, and premature aging. Free radicals can also damage cell membranes, alter genetic material, and disrupt normal cell function.
The body has its own antioxidant defense system, which includes enzymes and molecules that can neutralize free radicals and prevent their destructive effects. However, if there is not enough antioxidants or an excess of free radicals, problems can arise.