Neurotransmitters, or neurotransmitters, are chemicals that transmit signals between nerve cells (neurons) or between neurons and other cells in the body. They play a key role in the functioning of the nervous system, ensuring the transmission of impulses through synapses — specialized contacts between neurons. The main neurotransmitters include acetylcholine, serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine, glutamate, and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA).

Each neurotransmitter has specific functions in the body. For example, serotonin regulates mood, sleep, and appetite, while dopamine is responsible for motivation, pleasure, and motor activity. Glutamate is the main excitatory neurotransmitter that stimulates neurons to transmit impulses, while GABA, on the contrary, acts as an inhibitory neurotransmitter, reducing neuronal activity and promoting relaxation.

Imbalances in neurotransmitter levels can lead to various psychiatric and neurological disorders, such as depression, schizophrenia, Parkinson’s disease, and anxiety disorders. Treatment for such conditions often involves the use of medications that affect the levels or effects of neurotransmitters, such as antidepressants, antipsychotics, or anticonvulsants.