Polyethylene glycols are synthetic polymers that are formed as a result of the polymerization of ethylene oxide. They can have different molecular weights, which determines their physical properties – from liquid to solid. In pharmaceuticals, medicine, cosmetology and the food industry, polyethylene glycols are widely used due to their biological inertness, non-toxicity and ability to mix with water and many organic substances.
In medicine, PEGs are used as a base for ointments, gels, suppositories, and eye drops, as well as laxatives in preparation for colonoscopy or constipation treatment. Due to their ability to retain water, PEGs soften the contents of the intestines without causing irritation or addiction. In cosmetics, polyethylene glycols act as moisturizers, emulsifiers and stabilizers.
Despite general safety, prolonged or excessive use of polyethylene glycols may cause skin irritation or allergic reactions in sensitive individuals. In pharmaceuticals, research is actively underway on the use of PEG in the creation of new dosage forms, in particular in the form of carriers for targeted delivery of medicines, including drugs for cancer.