Gingivitis is an inflammatory gum disease usually caused by a buildup of plaque and tartar that leads to infection. This is the initial stage of periodontal disease, which, if left untreated, can progress and lead to more serious conditions such as periodontitis, which in turn leads to tooth loss. The main symptoms of gingivitis include redness, swelling, pain when touched, and bleeding gums when brushing or flossing.

Important risk factors for gingivitis are poor oral hygiene, smoking, diabetes, dry mouth, poor diet, certain diseases, and genetic predisposition. Treatment for gingivitis includes improving the quality of oral hygiene, regular removal of plaque and tartar by the dentist, and the use of specialized gum care products. With timely and adequate treatment, gingivitis is completely curable.