Metabolism is a complex of chemical processes in the body aimed at obtaining energy from food, synthesizing substances necessary for the functioning of cells, and removing excess metabolic products. Metabolism includes two main areas: anabolism and catabolism.
Anabolism is the process of synthesizing more complex molecules from simple components. For example, amino acids combine to form proteins, and glucose to synthesize glycogen (a form of energy storage).
Catabolism is the destruction of complex molecules into simpler ones, with the release of energy. Examples of catabolic processes include glycolysis (the breakdown of glucose) and the beta-oxidation of fatty acids.
Metabolism is controlled by various hormones and enzymes. The balance between anabolism and catabolism maintains the energy balance of the body and ensures its functioning.