The cold season is about to begin, and both adults and children will make changes to their daily lives. One of the consequences of a cold snap is coughing. But why does cold air affect our airways and what types of cough can it cause? In this article, we will look at the effect of cold air on the body, the types of cough caused by its action, as well as how to deal with cough at low temperatures.
The effect of cold air on the respiratory tract
Cold air has a significant impact on a person’s respiratory tract and can lead to several negative effects. Let’s take a closer look at how cold air affects our airways.
- Narrowing of the bronchi: When inhaling cold air, there is a narrowing of the bronchi – the tubes that conduct air to the lungs. This narrowing can cause a feeling of tightness and heaviness in the chest. In some people, especially those who suffer from chronic respiratory diseases such as bronchial asthma, this narrowing of the bronchi may be more pronounced and cause asthma attacks.
- Reduced humidity: Cold air often has low humidity, and inhalation of such air can lead to dehydration of the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract. Dryness of the mucous membrane can provoke irritation and itching in the throat, as well as increase the reaction to allergens.
- Activation of reflex mechanisms: In response to cold air, the body activates various reflex defense mechanisms. This may include coughing to get rid of irritants and reflexive breathing through the nose to humidify the inhaled air.
- Risk of viral infections: Prolonged exposure to cold environments can weaken the immune system, making the body more vulnerable to viruses and bacteria. This can increase the likelihood of respiratory infections such as colds and flu.
An excellent cough drug is Vioheals Ivy, which has antitussive, expectorant, antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects. It also reduces the viscosity of sputum, facilitates its discharge.
See also “How to distinguish a cough due to SARS from an allergic cough“
Types of cough caused by cold air
Dry cough from cold air
A dry cough caused by exposure to cold air is a common symptom, especially during the cold seasons. This type of cough is characterized by the absence of phlegm and is accompanied by a feeling of dryness and irritation in the throat. Understanding the mechanisms that underlie it and taking appropriate action are key steps to alleviate these unpleasant symptoms.
The main cause of dry cough after contact with cold air is irritation of the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract. Cold air containing low humidity can lead to dehydration of the mucous membrane, making it more vulnerable to irritants. As a result, the mucous membrane begins to react to cold air with a cough, which acts as a protective mechanism. A dry cough can be particularly restless, as it can last for a long time and cause discomfort, but applying measures to moisturize the mucous membrane and protect the airways can help alleviate symptoms and make breathing more comfortable during cold periods.
Bronchoviol extract, which is taken as a mild, antitussive, cough, can help. It is used for all types of cough, as a prophylactic agent for adjuvant therapy of colds.
Allergic cough to cold
An allergic cough caused by exposure to cold air is the body’s reaction to allergens that are present in a cold atmosphere. This type of cough is often accompanied by an itchy throat, runny nose and sometimes watery eyes. Let’s take a closer look at the mechanisms and causes of allergic cough in the cold.
An allergic cough can occur in response to various allergens that may be present in cold air. It can be pollen, fungal spores, chemical allergens and other substances. When inhaling cold air containing allergens, the body reacts to them with an allergic reaction. As a result of this reaction, inflammation of the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract occurs, which leads to coughing and other symptoms. Cold air can increase the reaction, as it is often accompanied by a decrease in air humidity, which can increase the concentration of allergens and their effects on the body.
An allergic cough in the cold can be especially restless for those who already suffer from allergies. To alleviate symptoms, it is recommended to consult a doctor and take antihistamines or other drugs designed to control allergic reactions. It is also possible to use preventive measures, such as wearing masks or scarves, to reduce contact with allergens, and to ventilate the room regularly to reduce the concentration of allergens inside.
Prevention of cough problems in cold air
Taking care of the health of the respiratory tract in cold air is an important component of maintaining overall well-being in winter. Preventive measures can significantly reduce the risk of breathing problems caused by exposure to cold air:
- Use of scarves and masks: When going out into the cold, pay attention to protecting the upper respiratory tract. A scarf that covers the nose and mouth helps keep moisture and heat on inhalation, reducing the likelihood of irritation to the mucous membranes of the throat and lungs.
- Throat care: Regular gargling can alleviate irritation and prevent dryness and itching after exposure to cold air.
- Moisturizing the mucous membrane: In a humid environment, the mucous membrane of the throat and nose does a better job of protecting the body. To humidify the indoor environment, use humidifiers.
- Ventilation of the room: Regular ventilation of the room helps to reduce the concentration of cold air inside and maintains a more comfortable breathing environment.
Following these simple preventive measures can significantly reduce the risk of respiratory problems after contact with cold air. Remember the importance of taking care of your health during the winter months and that the right preventative steps will help you maintain a healthy airway.
Conclusion
The effect of cold air on the respiratory tract is an urgent problem, especially in the winter months. Understanding the effects of cold on the body and how to reduce the risk of breathing problems when exposed to cool air play an important role in maintaining overall health.
Cold air can cause bronchial constriction, decreased air humidity and activation of reflex defense mechanisms, which can lead to coughing and throat discomfort. To alleviate these symptoms and prevent respiratory problems, it is recommended to use protective measures such as wearing scarves, moisturizing the mucous membrane, regularly ventilating the room and maintaining optimal humidity in the indoor air.
Literature:
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- Fontanari, P., Burnet, H., Zattara-Hartmann, M.C., & Jammes, Y. (1996). Changes in airway resistance induced by nasal inhalation of cold dry, dry, or moist air in normal individuals. Journal of Applied Physiology, 81(4), 1739-1743.
- Koskela, H.O. (2007). Cold air-provoked respiratory symptoms: the mechanisms and management. International Journal of Circumpolar Health, 66(2), 91-100.
- Bolser, D.C. (2006). Cough suppressant and pharmacologic protussive therapy: ACCP evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Chest, 129(1_suppl), 238S-249S.
- Mazzone, S.B., & Undem, B.J. (2016). Vagal afferent innervation of the airways in health and disease. Physiological Reviews, 96(3), 975-1024.
- Song, W.J., & Chang, Y.S. (2016). Cough hypersensitivity as a neuro-immune interaction. Clinical and Translational Allergy, 6, 24.
Author: Natalia Kandybey, Candidate of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Quality Director of PJSC Pharmaceutical Factory “VIOLA”
The information provided is not medical advice and does not replace professional health recommendations.
The information is based on scientific literature and is provided for informational purposes only.
